MySQL升级至MariaDB失败，尝试恢复失败 (附log)

pessoa

军哥好！
今天我用 `upgrade1.x-1.7.sh` 脚本将 lnmp 1.5 升级至 lnmp 1.7，成功后又用 lnmp 1.7 的 `upgrade.sh` 脚本升级了 PHP for LNMP 和 Nginx，都成功了。

随后尝试将 MySQL 升级为 MariaDB，升级失败。升级日志 `upgrade_mysql2mariadb20200804132615.log` 如下：

1. [ 58%] Built target trnman-t
   
2. [ 58%] Built target ma_pagecache_single_8k-t
   
3. [ 58%] Built target ma_pagecache_single_64k-t
   
4. [ 58%] Building C object storage/mroonga/vendor/groonga/lib/CMakeFiles/libgroonga.dir/expr.c.o
   
5. 
   
6. cc1: out of memory allocating 65536 bytes after a total of 575221760 bytes
   
7. storage/mroonga/vendor/groonga/lib/CMakeFiles/libgroonga.dir/build.make:374: recipe for target 'storage/mroonga/vendor/groonga/lib/CMakeFiles/libgroonga.dir/expr.c.o' failed
   
8. make[2]: *** [storage/mroonga/vendor/groonga/lib/CMakeFiles/libgroonga.dir/expr.c.o] Error 1
   
9. CMakeFiles/Makefile2:6534: recipe for target 'storage/mroonga/vendor/groonga/lib/CMakeFiles/libgroonga.dir/all' failed
   
10. make[1]: *** [storage/mroonga/vendor/groonga/lib/CMakeFiles/libgroonga.dir/all] Error 2
    
11. Makefile:162: recipe for target 'all' failed
    
12. make: *** [all] Error 2
    
13. include/upgrade_mysql2mariadb.sh: line 204: /usr/local/mariadb/scripts/mysql_install_db: No such file or directory
    
14. Synchronizing state of mariadb.service with SysV service script with /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install.
    
15. Executing: /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install enable mariadb
    
16. Add mariadb service at system startup...
    
17. Synchronizing state of mariadb.service with SysV service script with /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install.
    
18. Executing: /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install enable mariadb
    
19. Starting mariadb (via systemctl): mariadb.service.
    
20. Restarting mariadb (via systemctl): mariadb.service.
    
21. include/mariadb.sh: line 42: /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysqladmin: No such file or directory
    
22. Restarting mariadb (via systemctl): mariadb.service.
    
23. include/main.sh: line 744: /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql: No such file or directory
    
24. failed, try other way...
    
25. Restarting mariadb (via systemctl): mariadb.service.
    
26. include/mariadb.sh: line 59: /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql: No such file or directory
    
27. Set password failed!
    
28. include/mariadb.sh: line 62: /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql: No such file or directory
    
29. FLUSH PRIVILEGES failed!
    
30. include/main.sh: line 744: /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql: No such file or directory
    
31. Update root password...
    
32. include/main.sh: line 744: /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql: No such file or directory
    
33. ... Failed!
    
34. Remove anonymous users...
    
35. include/main.sh: line 744: /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql: No such file or directory
    
36. include/main.sh: line 744: /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql: No such file or directory
    
37. ... Failed!
    
38. Disallow root login remotely...
    
39. include/main.sh: line 744: /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql: No such file or directory
    
40. ... Failed!
    
41. Remove test database...
    
42. include/main.sh: line 744: /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql: No such file or directory
    
43. ... Failed!
    
44. Reload privilege tables...
    
45. include/main.sh: line 744: /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql: No such file or directory
    
46. ... Failed!
    
47. Stopping mariadb (via systemctl): mariadb.service.
    
48. Starting mariadb (via systemctl): mariadb.service.
    
49. Restore backup databases...
    
50. include/upgrade_mysql2mariadb.sh: line 214: /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql: No such file or directory
    
51. MariaDB databases import failed,Please import databases manually!
    
52. Repair databases...
    
53. include/upgrade_mysql2mariadb.sh: line 218: /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql_upgrade: No such file or directory
    
54. Add to autostart...
    
55. Add mariadb service at system startup...
    
56. Synchronizing state of mariadb.service with SysV service script with /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install.
    
57. Executing: /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install enable mariadb
    
58. Stopping MariaDB...
    
59. Stopping mariadb (via systemctl): mariadb.service.
    
60. +-------------------------------------------+
    
61. |    Manager for LNMP, Written by Licess    |
    
62. +-------------------------------------------+
    
63. |              https://lnmp.org             |
    
64. +-------------------------------------------+
    
65. Starting LNMP...
    
66. Starting nginx... nginx: [warn] the "ssl" directive is deprecated, use the "listen ... ssl" directive instead in /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/domian1.foo.conf:46
    
67. nginx: [warn] the "ssl" directive is deprecated, use the "listen ... ssl" directive instead in /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/domain2.foo.conf:46
    
68. done
    
69. Starting mariadb (via systemctl): mariadb.service.
    
70. Starting php-fpm  done
    
71. ^[[0;31m======== upgrade MySQL to MariaDB failed ======^[[0m
    
72. ^[[0;31mupgrade MariaDB log: /root/upgrade_mysql2mariadb.log^[[0m
    
73. You upload upgrade_mysql2mariadb.log to LNMP Forum for help.

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之后我按 LNMP 1.2/1.3或更高版本升级Nginx、MySQL/MariaDB、PHP教程 一文中 “三、MySQL升级至MariaDB脚本” 小节中描述尝试恢复，按描述依次进行：

1. # 1 将 /usr/local/mysql2mariadb日期目录下面的 init.d.mysql2mariadb.bak.日期的文件拷贝到 /etc/init.d/ 目录下并重命名为 mysql
   
2. cp /usr/local/mysql2mariadb20200804132615/init.dmysql2mariadb.bak.20200804132615 /etc/init.d/mysql
   
3. 
   
4. # 2 将 /usr/local/mysql2mariadb日期目录下面的 my.cnf.mysql2mariadbbak.日期拷贝到 /etc/ 目录下并重命名为 my.cnf
   
5. cp /usr/local/mysql2mariadb20200804132615/my.cnf.mysql2mariadbbak.20200804132615 /etc/my.cnf
   
6. 
   
7. # 3 将 /usr/local/ 下的 mysql2mariadb日期目录重命名为 mysql
   
8. cp /usr/local/mysql2mariadb20200804132615 /usr/local/mysql -r

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随后尝试用 systemctl 启动 mysql，失败：

1. ➜  ~ systemctl status mysql.service
   
2. ● mysql.service - LSB: start and stop MySQL
   
3.    Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/mysql; generated)
   
4.    Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Tue 2020-08-04 16:20:04 CST; 38min ago
   
5.      Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
   
6.   Process: 31998 ExecStart=/etc/init.d/mysql start (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
   
7. 
   
8. Aug 04 16:20:03 ubuntu-wordpress systemd[1]: Starting LSB: start and stop MySQL...
   
9. Aug 04 16:20:03 ubuntu-wordpress mysql[31998]: Starting MySQL
   
10. Aug 04 16:20:04 ubuntu-wordpress mysql[31998]: . * The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql/var/ubuntu-wordpress.pid).
    
11. Aug 04 16:20:04 ubuntu-wordpress systemd[1]: mysql.service: Control process exited, code=exited status=1
    
12. Aug 04 16:20:04 ubuntu-wordpress systemd[1]: mysql.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
    
13. Aug 04 16:20:04 ubuntu-wordpress systemd[1]: Failed to start LSB: start and stop MySQL.

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我现在想完成从 MySQL 至 MariaDB 的切换，请问我应该怎么做？

licess

cc1: out of memory allocating 65536 bytes after a total of 575221760 bytes
storage/mroonga/vendor/groonga/lib/CMakeFiles/libgroonga.dir/build.make:374: recipe for target 'storage/mroonga/vendor/groonga/lib/CMakeFiles/libgroonga.dir/expr.c.o' failed
make[2]: *** [storage/mroonga/vendor/groonga/lib/CMakeFiles/libgroonga.dir/expr.c.o] Error 1
CMakeFiles/Makefile2:6534: recipe for target 'storage/mroonga/vendor/groonga/lib/CMakeFiles/libgroonga.dir/all' failed
make[1]: *** [storage/mroonga/vendor/groonga/lib/CMakeFiles/libgroonga.dir/all] Error 2
Makefile:162: recipe for target 'all' failed

按你发的这部分日志，是内存不足导致的升级失败，升级mysql或mariadb版本越高对内存要求也越高

mysql恢复过程cp命令使用有误，cp命令必须加上 -a 保留原权限、属主属组信息，-r 删掉
mysql无法启动需要查看mysql日志才能确定具体原因



你没提供具体升级到什么版本没法确定具体要求，首先需要系统版本满足条件、再就是内存要求，这个2个要求再“安装要求”上都有说明

pessoa

licess 发表于 2020-8-5 08:33
按你发的这部分日志，是内存不足导致的升级失败，升级mysql或mariadb版本越高对内存要求也越高

mysql恢 ...

多谢军哥！

我删除之前恢复的文件后重新用 `cp -a` 搞了一遍，再用 `systemctl start mysql.service` 成功启动了 mysql。WordPress 网页访问恢复了正常。

接着设置了 2G 的 Swapfile，再次进行 MySQL 到 MariaDB 的升级，是从 5.5.x 版本的 MySQL 到 10.3.23 版本的 MariaDB。这一次升级成功了。这次升级期间我时不时用 `htop` 看内存占用，发现这次 Swapfile 好像也就用了几十 M，内存占用也一直比较稳定，没有很高。

之前看了系统需求中说 “安装 MySQL 5.6或5.7及 MariaDB 10必须1G以上内存，更高版本至少要2G内存!。”，而我的 VPS 的内存是 1G，想升级到的 MariaDB 版本是 10.3.23，不知道算不算满足 “MariaDB 10必须1G以上内存”，就在创建 VPS 快照后试试了。

再次感谢军哥创建的工具以及无私而周到的指导！